HK Company History

First section from the HK USA website: On July 31, 1811, his Majesty Friedrich I of Wurttemberg signed a document establishing a royal weapons factory in the Black Forest village of Oberndorf, Germany. The factory, employing 133 workers, opened for business in 1812.

Almost fifty years later, in 1867, Wilhelm and Paul Mauser invented a novel bolt system for breechloaders. This weapon was introduced as the German infantry weapon M71 in 1871. In 1897, the royal weapons factory became Waffenfabrik Mauser AG. The 20th century saw the factory expanded and a new product line, an infantry weapon model 98, was introduced. In 1945, the former royal weapons factory was dismantled by French occupying forces. Edmund Heckler, Theodor Koch and Alex Seidel, former Mauser engineers, saved what they could from the ruins, thus laying the foundation for what was to become Heckler & Koch.

Heckler and Koch GmbH (HK) was registered in December of 1949 and officially opened for business in this historical center of German gun-making enterprise in 1950. In the aftermath of World War II, the new firm would eventually help rebuild a nation destroyed by war. Founded in an engineering office of the former air-raid protection of the Fire Brigade warehouse, HK’s early product line featured parts and spares for household machines and bicycles. However, this range of products was soon expanded to include the design and manufacture of gauges and specialized tooling.

Soon, HK’s dedication to innovating and developing products of the highest engineering and quality standards resulted in the development of their first firearm, the G3. By 1959, the G3 was the standard issue assault rifle for all German forces by the Bundeswehr of the Federal Republic of Germany. The G3 used the unique delayed-locked roller bolt system; an operating system widely hailed today for its strength, reliability and low recoil. Used by the military in more than fifty nations, some three million G3’s have been produced to date.

And, in mid-1960, HK gained international prominence with the design and manufacture of the 9mm Machinenpistole 5 (MP5), soon to become the world’s most popular submachine gun, embraced by special operations forces worldwide. A variety of models have been added over the past thirty years but the MP5 remains the preeminent arm of its class.

Also during 1960, HK perfected the polygonal profile barrel. Deemed superior to conventional "lands-and-grooves" rifling, the polygonal bore profile effectively seals propellant gases behind the bullet – increasing bullet velocity. An added advantage to the polygonal profile barrel is that it will outlast a "lands-and-grooves barrel" by thousands of rounds.

Handgun development also commanded the attention of HK designers and engineers during these years. In 1969, a reworking of the delayed-locked roller bolt system was introduced in a pistol - the P9S. Acclaimed for its accuracy, the P9S was officially embraced by several elite military units, including the US Navy SEALS. However, the most radical feature of the P9S was its design. The receiver was designed using a newly developed high-tech plastic composite called polymer, which molded around the steel frame. With the development of another polymer framed HK handgun, the futuristic VP70, these models predated by more than fifteen years the introduction of polymer framed handguns by competing firms.

In 1976, Heckler & Koch, Inc., a U.S. company with headquarters in Arlington, then Chantilly and finally Sterling, Virginia was established to serve the needs of the U.S. military, law enforcement and civilian markets.

In the mid-1970's, HK received an order from the Federal Republic of Germany, Ministry of Defense to develop a weapon system utilizing "caseless ammunition" technology. The breakthrough technology pioneered by HK on the G11 and Advanced Combat Rifle was successfully tested throughout the 1980’s and 1990’s but not adopted for reasons related to the end of the Cold War.

HK innovation continued and, in the late 1970's, the HK P7 was introduced into the U.S. and international markets. The P7 was considered quite radical in design and technology, and today it remains the fastest and most accurate production handgun manufactured.

During the1980’s, the precision accuracy found on the HK91 and its related variants, the SR9T, the SR9TC and PSG1 enabled target shooters to achieve performance unmatched in semi-automatic rifles.

The renowned Universal Self-loading Pistol (USP) debuted in early 1993. Considered HK’s first pistol designed especially for American shooters, the USP incorporates many traditional handgun design elements with advanced materials and engineering technology. Equally respected is the Mark 23, developed during 1992-93 for the US Special Operations Command (SOCOM) using much of the technology and engineering knowledge gained in creating the USP. In 1997, the USP Compact joined the standard frame USP line, winning plaudits for a full hand-grip and other user innovations. The USP Compact has since been adopted by many federal law enforcement agencies.

The close of the 20th century clearly signaled that the innovation and the technology which founders Heckler, Koch and Seidel had established showed no sign of abating. 1999 marked the first time since World War II that German soldiers were in combat. Using the newly developed Heckler & Koch G36 5.56mm rifle, German army units fought in support of human rights and social justice during NATO’s ground deployment in Kosovo.

Edmund Heckler 1906-1960	Theodor Koch 1905-1976	Alex Seidel   1909-1989

Edmund Heckler was born on February 2, 1906, the son of Kilian Heckler and Armalie Schropp.  Edmund went to Mauser AG (Aktiengesellschaft--German for "corporation.") in Oberndorf as an apprentice to help earn money for the family.  In 1925 he attended the "Maschinenbau Schule" (mechanical engineering school) in Esslingen, Germany.  In 1936 he went to work at "Hugo Schneider AG" (HASAG), later he works as a "Oberingenieur" (senior engineer).  In 1945, he returned to Oberndorf.

Theodor Koch was born on May 13, 1905 in Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen, Germany.  He learned Feinmechaniker (precision mechanics) from 1921 to 1924, and studied Maschinenbau (mechanical engineering) from 1925 to 1929, in Esslingen, where he met Edmund Heckler.  Koch worked at Mauser AG/Oberndorf as an engineer until September, 1931.