The locking lever and spring sound like they're part of the problem. The locking lever should be nearly impossible to move with finger pressure. There's actually a tool made to compress the lever and spring to allow the pin to be inserted.
But that shouldn't be (directly) affecting the ejection...
From the description of the fired cases being extracted from the chamber but not ejected, I would suspect the extractor and extractor spring; most likely the spring. The case is not being held tightly enough for the ejector to give it a proper kick out of the receiver.
RTG wants $17 for a new extractor and spring:
http://robertrtg.com/g3rollerext.html
Replace both to be sure. Removing and reinstalling the extractor takes less than a minute.
RTG also has the locking lever parts:
http://robertrtg.com/g3lockinglever.html
If your locking lever looks OK it's probably usable. But it does sound like there's something wrong with the spring if you're able to easily move it. Replacing it will require either the locking lever spring tool (I think PTR sells them, for around $25?), a suitably padded vise, or about six hands to hold everything in place and compress the spring and lever while driving the pin.
The Rheinmetall bolt carrier does suggest the rifle was used as a sear host at some point. Could it have been reassembled with the wrong ejector in the trigger pack? A 7.62mm NATO ejector should be almost exactly 5 inches long, and it will be a solid piece with no holes in the "tail" as the 9mm and 5.56mm ejectors have.